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一項新的研究表明，一類全新的組織膠可以修補(bǔ)被刺破的豬心。這種組織膠被稱為Tough Adhesives，這類新組織膠未來有一天可能可以幫助修補(bǔ)人體難以抵達(dá)的部位。到目前為止，研究人員主要在血液覆蓋的皮膚上測試這種組織膠，并發(fā)現(xiàn)其成功修補(bǔ)了一顆豬心。

這項研究表明，組織膠未來可能可以安全有效地修復(fù)創(chuàng)傷、手術(shù)等留下的內(nèi)部切口。現(xiàn)在，患者的選擇非常局限于縫合線和縫合釘，這在使用難以達(dá)到的內(nèi)部位置方面具有挑戰(zhàn)性。醫(yī)療超級膠只能在干燥的皮膚表面發(fā)揮作用，另外由于具有毒性不能在體內(nèi)使用。

根據(jù)發(fā)表的一項新研究，哈佛大學(xué)科學(xué)家團(tuán)隊開發(fā)的這些新型Tough Adhesives可以保持粘稠，即使在潮濕的環(huán)境中也是如此。它們對人體細(xì)胞無毒。這是設(shè)計用于人體內(nèi)部組織膠的關(guān)鍵。研究人員使用他們的Tough Adhesives成功地修補(bǔ)了一顆豬心。同時這種組織膠也阻止大鼠肝臟繼續(xù)出血。

研究人員實際上并沒有使用鼻涕蟲粘液中的任何分子。相反，他們使用了類似和直觀的設(shè)計策略：將粘性成分與可以拉伸和承受移動體施加的應(yīng)力的東西混合。粘性成分是已經(jīng)存在的成分，如你在膠囊中發(fā)現(xiàn)的明膠或是蝦殼中發(fā)現(xiàn)的化合物和兩個合成分子。(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)蝦殼分子的粘性最強(qiáng))

對于可拉伸的吸震材料，研究人員使用了一種稱為水凝膠的東西。研究人員通過分層這兩種成分創(chuàng)建了幾種不同版本的hydrogel。它們甚至可以幾分鐘在血腥的表面上變干，可以承受來自心臟收縮的力量。

文章信息：

　　Tough adhesives for diverse wet surfaces

　　Science 28 Jul 2017:

　　Vol. 357, Issue 6349, pp. 378-381

　　DOI: 10.1126/science.aah6362

　　Sticky even when wet

　　Tissue adhesives are used as an alternative to stitches or staples and can be less damaging to the healthy tissues. But they can suffer from low biocompatibility and poor matching of the mechanical properties with the tissues. Li et al. combined an adhesive surface with a flexible matrix to develop an adhesive that has the right level of stick but moves with the surrounding tissues. The adhesive is effective in the presence of blood and thus might work during wound repair.

　　Abstract:

　　Adhesion to wet and dynamic surfaces, including biological tissues, is important in many fields but has proven to be extremely challenging. Existing adhesives are cytotoxic, adhere weakly to tissues, or cannot be used in wet environments. We report a bioinspired design for adhesives consisting of two layers: an adhesive surface and a dissipative matrix. The former adheres to the substrate by electrostatic interactions, covalent bonds, and physical interpenetration. The latter amplifies energy dissipation through hysteresis. The two layers synergistically lead to higher adhesion energies on wet surfaces as compared with those of existing adhesives. Adhesion occurs within minutes, independent of blood exposure and compatible with in vivo dynamic movements. This family of adhesives may be useful in many areas of application, including tissue adhesives, wound dressings, and tissue repair.